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| Rampart | |
|---|---|
| Developer(s) | Atari Games |
| Publisher(s) | Atari Games |
| Designer(s) | John Salwitz Dave Ralston |
| Programmer(s) | John Salwitz (main programmer) Peter Lipson Mike Albaugh Russell Dawe Ed Rotberg (assistant programmers) |
| Artist(s) | Dave Ralston (lead artist) Sam Comstock Sean Murphy Will Noble Nicholas Stern (assistant artist) |
| Composer(s) | Don Diekneite Brad Fuller |
| Platform(s) | Arcade, Various |
| Release | 1990 |
| Genre(s) | Strategy/Puzzle |
| Mode(s) | 1-3 players simultaneously |
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Rampart is an arcade game, released in 1990 by Atari Games and Midway Games, that combines the shoot 'em up and puzzle genres. It was first made available as an arcade game[1] but was subsequently offered for a number of home gaming platforms. The game is considered a precursor to the tower defense genre.[2][3]
Overview[edit]
In Rampart, the player is in control of a set of castles, which they must defend, by alternately shooting at attacking ships (or other players), and repairing any damage done to them within a time limit. Surrounding this castle is a wall, made up of small blocks, completely surrounding a region of the board. This area is considered the player's territory, and it may contain one or more castles, and any number of cannons. The maintenance of this territory is the primary focus of the game. Once the player defeats the opponent, the player can execute the commander, by walking the plank or beheading.
Gameplay[edit]
The single-player game consists of six levels. The ultimate aim is to destroy a fleet of attacking ships while repairing any damage the fort sustains.
At the start of each level, the player chooses the location of their fort from a number of options. This location is then surrounded by a wall to form a castle, which the player can then place cannons within. After this, an attacking round commences, followed by a repair round, where any damage to the castle must be repaired. If the player manages to survive the repair phase (by surrounding at least one castle within a time limit), they are given a short amount of time to place additional cannons within the walls of his fort (if space is available), after which the battle resumes.
This cycle continues until either the player fails a repair round, or enough ships in the enemy's fleet are sunk. When the opposing navy has been sufficiently depleted, the level is won, and the player may then choose another level from the island map.
Place Cannons[edit]
After starting a new game or after a successful repair round, the player may gain extra cannons (the number depending on the number of castles captured) to be placed in their territory.
In the SNES and PC versions only, the cannons gained can also be converted into powerups:
- The Balloon floats at the beginning of phase 1 to the most powerful enemy ship (for singleplayer) or cannon (for multiplayer) and converts it to the player side for the successive fighting round.
- The Supercannon is bigger than the usual cannons and fire red projectiles, which sink any ship in one hit or leave a permanent fire if they hit the landscape
Prepare for Battle[edit]
In an attacking round, the player and enemy ships fire at each other using their respective cannons. The player can sink the enemy ships, while the enemy can destroy parts of the player's perimeter. Enemy ships move around while they fire, making it necessary to lead your target like in Missile Command.
Ships come in three types:
- Single-sailed ships shoot at your walls and move around, but do little else. It takes two shots to sink one.
- Double-sailed ships require three hits to sink, and if they reach the shore they deposit grunts, small tank-like objects that multiply and move around during the repair phase. They can be shot with cannons and destroyed by surrounding them with walls, but they tend to get in the way and are capable of destroying castles if left unchecked. Grunts adjacent to walls during battle can destroy them to get inside a player's area. (In some home versions of the game, placing a wall on top of a house also creates a grunt.)
- Red ships require 5 hits to sink, and their shots leave fiery craters whenever they strike a wall. These craters must be built around during the repair phase, and each persists for three rounds. (Some home versions make this a random number of rounds.)
Later levels feature 'dark' versions of each of these ships, which are each capable of taking one additional hit before sinking.
Build and Repair[edit]
Stealthy mac os. In the repair round, the player must repair the damage done to the wall surrounding their territory. They are presented with a random series of polyomino shapes, and must place them on the island within a time limit to keep their castles surrounded by walls. While superficially similar to Tetris shapes, these pieces have much greater variety, ranging from 1 by 1 squares that can fit almost anywhere to big plus and U-shapes. The pieces do not fall, but may be moved freely around the screen and placed in any spot but they cannot be placed on top of existing objects (walls, water, castles, cannons, grunts, craters, or the edge of the board). Pieces cannot be passed, they must be placed down before getting the next one.
At the start of the Repair phase, any territory that is not surrounded by a complete, unbroken wall is lost. By placing wall pieces, the player attempts to 'capture' territory by completing a wall around it. Before the timer expires, the player must have completed a wall around at least one castle (which may or may not be the original, 'home' castle) to survive the round and continue playing. It is also advantageous to capture previously-placed cannons, as only cannons within the player's territory may be used in the subsequent battle phase.
Multiplayer[edit]
When playing with two or three players the game is similar, except that instead of fighting against enemy ships, the players each have their own area of land separated by a river, and they shoot at each other's walls. In multiplayer mode, cannons can be destroyed if they take enough hits, there are bonus squares that are worth extra points when captured, and there are no grunts or craters, but the game is otherwise similar.
Players shoot at each other's walls during the Battle phase and try to make it difficult for them to survive the next repair round. If a player is unable to repair his wall, he must insert another credit to remain in the game, but cannot do so more than three times. The last player remaining is the winner. If all the players remain in the game for an operator-adjustable number of rounds, they engage in a 'Final Battle' at the start of the last combat phase, and if there isn't a clear winner at the end of the following repair phase, the winner is determined based on score.
Strategy[edit]
Within Rampart each element of the game interacts with the others in subtle ways. It is generally easier to capture an unowned castle than repair the wall around a starting castle, but without the benefit of the home castle's cannons the player will have a tough time. Building close to the water will allow the player better aim, and to get more shots off during battle (each cannon may only have one cannonball in the air at once), but enemy ships will also get more shots and castles close to the water are more vulnerable to grunts. Building more cannons gives the player more shots in battle, but once placed cannons cannot be removed, and too many cannons can make it almost impossible to survive a repair phase. These tradeoffs give Rampart its charm but also make the game difficult to master.
Ports[edit]
Rampart has been ported to the SNES, Sega Master System, Mega Drive/Genesis, Atari Lynx, PC, Macintosh, Commodore 64, Amiga and Atari ST platforms, separate versions for Game Boy and Game Boy Color, and also separate versions for the Nintendo Entertainment System and the Famicom. MegaTech gave the Mega Drive version 90% and a Hyper Game Award, saying that it was a 'superb blend of different game styles'.[4] The NES, SNES and PC versions were all done by a group 'Bitmasters', and the NES version was going to be published by Tengen (without a Nintendo license), but it switched publishing duties to Jaleco (which the company granted a Nintendo license), and the SNES and PC versions were published by Electronic Arts.
The arcade version of Rampart is also included in the Midway Arcade Treasures compilation, available for the Nintendo GameCube, PlayStation 2, Xbox and PlayStation Portable consoles, and the Midway Arcade Origins compilation, available for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360.[5] It was also included with Gauntlet on the Game Boy Advance.
Most of the home versions of Rampart change the game in non-trivial ways. The Japanese (NES) Famicom version, which was released by Konami, includes 7 training levels and 3 difficulty settings. It also features an extensive multiplayer mode for two people. Many options can be chosen, such as the number of cannons to start with and so on. There are also several open-source games based on the gameplay of Rampart, such as Kajaani Kombat and Castle Combat.
Rose gold mouse apple. A PlayStation 3 port was released on the PlayStation Network on May 10, 2007. This download is no longer available for purchase. Although it is mostly identical to the arcade version, it also supports internet multiplayer play.[6] Games based on Rampart are also available for iOS devices, such as Hostile Tides.[7]
Reception[edit]
In Japan, Game Machine listed Rampart on their June 1, 1991 issue as being the seventh most-successful table arcade unit of the year.[8]
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Legacy[edit]
Rampart influenced the first tower defense games around a decade later. Gameplay similarities include defending a territory by erecting defensive structures, and making repairs between multiple rounds of attacks.[2][9]
References[edit]
- ^'Rampart - Videogame by Atari Games'.
- ^ abLuke Mitchell (2008-06-22). 'Tower Defense: Bringing the genre back'. PALGN. Archived from the original on 2014-02-03. Retrieved 2008-12-24.
- ^Ryan Rigney (2013-06-11). 'Even the Best Tower Defense Games Are Just Plain Boring | WIRED'.
- ^MegaTech review, EMAP, issue 13
- ^http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/11/14/midway-arcade-origins-review
- ^Jeff Gerstmann (2007-05-11). 'Rampart Review'. GameSpot. Retrieved 2019-08-11.
- ^Jared Nelson (2011-08-11). 'Zen Wars Review'. toucharcade.com. Retrieved 2011-10-03.
- ^'Game Machine's Best Hit Games 25 - テーブル型TVゲーム機 (Table Videos)'. Game Machine (in Japanese). No. 404. Amusement Press, Inc. 1 June 1991. p. 25.
- ^Nick Suttner (2008-02-01). 'PixelJunk Monsters Review'. 1up.com. Archived from the original on 2012-07-18. Retrieved 2008-12-24.
External links[edit]
- Rampart at MobyGames
- Rampart at the Killer List of Videogames
- Rampart at the Arcade History database
Have you ever had your Raspberry Pi stopped booting up? The red and the yellow lights flash a few times and then quit? These are classic symptoms of a corrupted SD Card.
This posting will walk through how to fix a corrupted SD Card for your Raspberry Pi using a Mac and VirtualBox. This is a fairly complicated procedure, but most of it only has to be done once and then you can fix corrupted cards quickly and efficiently. Sprout (itch) (jakemchugh1) mac os.
Why do SD Cards get Corrupted?
When the SD Card is being written, there are windows of vulnerability. There seem to be four main scenarios during which SD Cards become corrupted:
- Powering your Raspberry Pi down without doing a 'sudo halt'. Do this enough, you will corrupt your card.
- Poor quality SD Cards. Fake SanDisk cards especially.
- Marginal power supplies. Watch the Red LED on newer Raspberry Pi's. If it is blinking, there are issues. Poor power quality from the mains can also screw up your Raspberry Pi
- Overclocking your Pi. If you push it too far, things start not quite working correctly.
OK, what can I do with a Corrupted SD Card?
The first thing you can do is BEFORE you get corrupted, back up your SD Card on a regular basis. If you spend hours configuring an SD Card, then back it up. Changing your software? Back it up. It will save you a lot of time if you end up corrupting or destroying the SD Card. Here is how to do it on a Mac.
Sometimes, the SD Card is actually damaged. In that case, you aren't going to be able to fix the card. However, you can get your files off the SD Card in many cases. Check out this posting.
Fixing a Corrupted SD Card
Overall, this is the procedure for fixing a corrupted SD Card using a Mac. The process is similar for a PC, but requires different instructions to install and get VirtualBox working.
- Back up your SD Card, if possible. Here is how to do it on a Mac.
- Install VirtualBox on your Mac
- Install Ubuntu in Virtual Box
- Attach SD Card to Ubuntu
- Run 'fsck' to repair the SD Card
Install VirtualBox on your Mac
VirtualBox is a 'virtualizer' which means that it allows you to install an operating system in a 'Box' inside another operating system. It is open source and free to use. In this case we will be installing Linux (Ubuntu) on a Mac OS X platform.
Step 1: Download the VirtualBox .dmg file for the Mac OS X from this page:
Step 2: Click on the downloaded .dmg file.
Step 3: Double click on the VirtualBox.pkg icon Buddy up! mac os.
Step 4: Follow the instructions to install VirtualBox in the applications directory.
Step 5: Now download the installation file (.iso) for Ubuntu from this link: Note: Make sure you use this link – ubuntu-1510-desktop-i386.iso. If this link isn't available, go to https://mirror.pnl.gov/releases/ and find the latest release. The default download link on Ubuntu server will download an amd64 image, which WILL NOT WORK on your Mac OS X.
Step 6: Start up VirtualBox from Applications
Step 7: Click on 'New'
Step 8: Enter 'Ubuntu' as the name. Linux and 64 bit will be automatically selected. Click Continue.
Step 9: Click on continue until you are done, using all the defaults.
Step 10: Click on settings and then on Storage and then on Controller: SATA
Step 11: Enter 2 in port count! This is an important step not to miss! Click 'OK' to close
Step 12: Ready to install Ubuntu now! Dress code: human mac os. Click the Start Button
Step 13: When you are promoted to select an image, select the ubuntu .iso image downloaded in Step 5.
Step 14: Select 'Install Ubuntu' from the screen, then 'Continue' from the next screen and then keeping the defaults, finally 'Install Now'.
Step 15: Click 'Continue' when asked to erase the virtual disk. Don't worry, this is not your Mac OS X disk.
The arcade version of Rampart is also included in the Midway Arcade Treasures compilation, available for the Nintendo GameCube, PlayStation 2, Xbox and PlayStation Portable consoles, and the Midway Arcade Origins compilation, available for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360.[5] It was also included with Gauntlet on the Game Boy Advance.
Most of the home versions of Rampart change the game in non-trivial ways. The Japanese (NES) Famicom version, which was released by Konami, includes 7 training levels and 3 difficulty settings. It also features an extensive multiplayer mode for two people. Many options can be chosen, such as the number of cannons to start with and so on. There are also several open-source games based on the gameplay of Rampart, such as Kajaani Kombat and Castle Combat.
Rose gold mouse apple. A PlayStation 3 port was released on the PlayStation Network on May 10, 2007. This download is no longer available for purchase. Although it is mostly identical to the arcade version, it also supports internet multiplayer play.[6] Games based on Rampart are also available for iOS devices, such as Hostile Tides.[7]
Reception[edit]
In Japan, Game Machine listed Rampart on their June 1, 1991 issue as being the seventh most-successful table arcade unit of the year.[8]
Repair (renderquake Games) Mac Os Download
Legacy[edit]
Rampart influenced the first tower defense games around a decade later. Gameplay similarities include defending a territory by erecting defensive structures, and making repairs between multiple rounds of attacks.[2][9]
References[edit]
- ^'Rampart - Videogame by Atari Games'.
- ^ abLuke Mitchell (2008-06-22). 'Tower Defense: Bringing the genre back'. PALGN. Archived from the original on 2014-02-03. Retrieved 2008-12-24.
- ^Ryan Rigney (2013-06-11). 'Even the Best Tower Defense Games Are Just Plain Boring | WIRED'.
- ^MegaTech review, EMAP, issue 13
- ^http://www.ign.com/articles/2012/11/14/midway-arcade-origins-review
- ^Jeff Gerstmann (2007-05-11). 'Rampart Review'. GameSpot. Retrieved 2019-08-11.
- ^Jared Nelson (2011-08-11). 'Zen Wars Review'. toucharcade.com. Retrieved 2011-10-03.
- ^'Game Machine's Best Hit Games 25 - テーブル型TVゲーム機 (Table Videos)'. Game Machine (in Japanese). No. 404. Amusement Press, Inc. 1 June 1991. p. 25.
- ^Nick Suttner (2008-02-01). 'PixelJunk Monsters Review'. 1up.com. Archived from the original on 2012-07-18. Retrieved 2008-12-24.
External links[edit]
- Rampart at MobyGames
- Rampart at the Killer List of Videogames
- Rampart at the Arcade History database
Have you ever had your Raspberry Pi stopped booting up? The red and the yellow lights flash a few times and then quit? These are classic symptoms of a corrupted SD Card.
This posting will walk through how to fix a corrupted SD Card for your Raspberry Pi using a Mac and VirtualBox. This is a fairly complicated procedure, but most of it only has to be done once and then you can fix corrupted cards quickly and efficiently. Sprout (itch) (jakemchugh1) mac os.
Why do SD Cards get Corrupted?
When the SD Card is being written, there are windows of vulnerability. There seem to be four main scenarios during which SD Cards become corrupted:
- Powering your Raspberry Pi down without doing a 'sudo halt'. Do this enough, you will corrupt your card.
- Poor quality SD Cards. Fake SanDisk cards especially.
- Marginal power supplies. Watch the Red LED on newer Raspberry Pi's. If it is blinking, there are issues. Poor power quality from the mains can also screw up your Raspberry Pi
- Overclocking your Pi. If you push it too far, things start not quite working correctly.
OK, what can I do with a Corrupted SD Card?
The first thing you can do is BEFORE you get corrupted, back up your SD Card on a regular basis. If you spend hours configuring an SD Card, then back it up. Changing your software? Back it up. It will save you a lot of time if you end up corrupting or destroying the SD Card. Here is how to do it on a Mac.
Sometimes, the SD Card is actually damaged. In that case, you aren't going to be able to fix the card. However, you can get your files off the SD Card in many cases. Check out this posting.
Fixing a Corrupted SD Card
Overall, this is the procedure for fixing a corrupted SD Card using a Mac. The process is similar for a PC, but requires different instructions to install and get VirtualBox working.
- Back up your SD Card, if possible. Here is how to do it on a Mac.
- Install VirtualBox on your Mac
- Install Ubuntu in Virtual Box
- Attach SD Card to Ubuntu
- Run 'fsck' to repair the SD Card
Install VirtualBox on your Mac
VirtualBox is a 'virtualizer' which means that it allows you to install an operating system in a 'Box' inside another operating system. It is open source and free to use. In this case we will be installing Linux (Ubuntu) on a Mac OS X platform.
Step 1: Download the VirtualBox .dmg file for the Mac OS X from this page:
Step 2: Click on the downloaded .dmg file.
Step 3: Double click on the VirtualBox.pkg icon Buddy up! mac os.
Step 4: Follow the instructions to install VirtualBox in the applications directory.
Step 5: Now download the installation file (.iso) for Ubuntu from this link: Note: Make sure you use this link – ubuntu-1510-desktop-i386.iso. If this link isn't available, go to https://mirror.pnl.gov/releases/ and find the latest release. The default download link on Ubuntu server will download an amd64 image, which WILL NOT WORK on your Mac OS X.
Step 6: Start up VirtualBox from Applications
Step 7: Click on 'New'
Step 8: Enter 'Ubuntu' as the name. Linux and 64 bit will be automatically selected. Click Continue.
Step 9: Click on continue until you are done, using all the defaults.
Step 10: Click on settings and then on Storage and then on Controller: SATA
Step 11: Enter 2 in port count! This is an important step not to miss! Click 'OK' to close
Step 12: Ready to install Ubuntu now! Dress code: human mac os. Click the Start Button
Step 13: When you are promoted to select an image, select the ubuntu .iso image downloaded in Step 5.
Step 14: Select 'Install Ubuntu' from the screen, then 'Continue' from the next screen and then keeping the defaults, finally 'Install Now'.
Step 15: Click 'Continue' when asked to erase the virtual disk. Don't worry, this is not your Mac OS X disk.
Step 16: Select your Timezone. Hit 'Continue'
Step 17: Put in your name and choose a password. Make sure you can remember it! Now hit 'Continue' and you are installing Ubuntu.
Step 18: Now click 'Restart Now' when the installation is finished. If Ubuntu does not start (which happens often the first time), then hit the 'x' in the corner and select 'Power Off the Machine'.
Step 19: Now you have your Ubuntu Virtual Machine running. Click the 'X' on the window and select 'Send the shutdown signal'. Then click 'Shutdown'
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Adding the SD Card to your Ubuntu Virtual Machine
In order to mount and fix your corrupted SD Card, you need to add it to the Ubuntu virtual machine. This is the complicated part of this procedure.
Step 1: Insert your SD Card into the reader on your Mac OS X machine. Below is on the Mac Mini. On a Mac Book, it will be on the side.
Step 2: Open up a terminal window and type:
Audio editor pc free download. Step 3: You will see a list similar to this. Look for your SD card and note the /dev path (/dev/disk4 in this case)
Step 4: In the terminal window type (replacing /dev/diskX with what you found in Step 3):
Step 5: change directory in the terminal window to the 'VirtualBox VMs' on our development machine this command is:
Note the quotes around the directory name. Adding spaces in directory names and filenames causes all sorts of issues. The user on our machine is 'development'. The user name on your machine will be different.
Step 6: Now we come to the magic. Type the following (replacing diskX with what you found in Step 3):
Step 7: Now we have an .vmdk file pointing to your raw SD Card device. We next have to set the permissions on this file so your Ubuntu VirtualBox machine can read the file.
Step 8: Next we have to add the SD Card (a SATA device) in the Ubuntu virtual machine storage configuration built in the previous section.
Step 9: Click on Settings in VirtualBox and select Storage. If port count is '1' change it to '2'
Step 10: Click on the icon on the right of the Controller: SATA disk and select 'Choose existing disk'. Select the .vmdk file built in Step 6 above. If it reports that it is busy (Mac OS X likes to remount things for some reason), repeat Step 4 and quickly do Step 10 again.
Step 11: Click OK
Step 12: Start your Ubuntu Virtual machine with the start button.
Now finally, we can repair the SD Card.
Repairing the SD Card
Step 1: Select the top most icon on the Ubuntu Desktop. Type 'Terminal' in the search line.
Step 2: Select the Terminal Icon on the top line. You will get a terminal window.
Step 3: type
into the terminal window (you may have to enter your password from Step 17 in the section above)
Step 4: Note the name '/dev/sdb'. That is your SD Card on the Ubuntu system. Note it may be different, but if you followed these directions, it should be the same.
Step 5: Now the magic. Finally. We will fix the sdb2 partition on sdb. That is the linux system. Type the following in the terminal window:
This may take a while, depending on the speed of your machine. Note that the following picture shows you what you get on a clean, good SD Card. If you have issues, it will show you what it is doing.
Conclusion
Now you should have a repaired Raspberry Pi SD Card. If it doesn't work, you may have bigger issues. Start by looking at more 'fsck repair' pages on the web. If the card is bad, look at mounting the SD Card under your Ubuntu Virtual machine and going into the file system to try to recover your most important files.
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The next time you need to repair an SD Card, you should only have to plug it into your Mac OS X and then start Ubuntu from VirtualBox. Note that the image you built for the SD Card repair probably won't boot without an SD Card plugged in. If you want to use Ubuntu without the SD Card, build another image in VirtualBox. You don't have to delete the SD Card Ubuntu image.
